Three questions for a safer system
Confidentiality, integrity and availability describe different things that can go wrong. On a ship, the consequences may be physical.
In 30 seconds
- Confidentiality: who is allowed to read the crew list?
- Integrity: can an unauthorised change alter a cargo figure?
- Availability: can the authorised operator access a needed system? Balance these with operational safety.
Make it concrete
A cargo report opens normally but a quantity was changed without approval. Identify the affected property before choosing a response.
- 01Read
- 02Trust
- 03Use
Check your understanding
Does a file opening successfully prove its contents are trustworthy?
- Confidentiality: who is allowed to read the crew list?
- Integrity: can an unauthorised change alter a cargo figure?
- Availability: can the authorised operator access a needed system? Balance these with operational safety.
Go to the source
- Course notes · ThS. Nguyễn Duy Hiếu · An ninh mạng trên tàu biển cho thuyền viên ↗
- NIST SP 800-82 Rev.3 · Guide to Operational Technology Security ↗
Sources reviewed: 13.09.2026